Why Has My Neck Become Swollen?

Unexplained swelling in your neck is a clear sign from your body, but what is it trying to communicate? This noticeable symptom could stem from a minor issue or point to a more significant underlying problem.

If you’re dealing with a neck mass or swelling, you can find answers and expert care with Vandana Kumra, MD, at ENT New York. As a skilled otolaryngologist and head and neck surgeon, Dr. Kumra uses her expertise to determine the cause and guide you toward the right treatment path.

While only a medical professional can provide a diagnosis, understanding the potential causes can be valuable as you seek clarity. In this month’s post, we take a look at some common reasons why your neck may become swollen and what it could mean for your health.

Swollen lymph nodes

The lymph nodes are an essential part of your immune system, trapping viruses, bacteria, damaged cells, and other substances before they can harm your body. Most people have between 600 and 800 of these glands throughout their body, and many of them are concentrated in the neck area.

Often, the lymph nodes in your neck swell in response to an upper respiratory infection, such as a common cold, flu, strep throat, or sinus infection. This is a normal sign that your immune system is fighting off invaders, and the most common reason for a swollen neck.

With this type of swelling, the enlarged nodes typically feel soft and tender to the touch, and they usually disappear as you recover. However, persistently swollen or unusually firm lymph nodes may indicate a more serious or chronic infection, or, in rare cases, lymphoma.

Thyroid gland issues

Located just below your Adam’s apple, the bow-tie-shaped thyroid gland plays a vital role in regulating your metabolism. Certain conditions that affect this gland can cause noticeable swelling in the neck, including a goiter — an enlargement of the entire thyroid gland — and thyroid nodules, which are distinct lumps within it.

While most thyroid nodules are harmless and benign, some may require monitoring or further evaluation by a specialist, such as Dr. Kumra, to ensure they’re not malignant. 

Goiters can develop when the gland struggles to produce enough thyroid hormone, which may occur with autoimmune disorders like Hashimoto’s or Graves’ disease, iodine deficiency, and reactions to certain medications.

Other causes of neck masses and swelling

Beyond the more common culprits, a number of other factors could be behind your swollen neck. These may include:

Salivary gland issues

Most of your salivary glands are in your neck, under your jaw and ears. They can become swollen due to infection, blockages, or occasionally, the growth of benign or malignant tumors within the gland.

Congenital cysts

Other neck swellings may stem from cysts that develop during fetal growth. These fluid-filled pockets, present since birth, can sometimes become noticeable or infected later in life.

Skin and soft tissue lumps

Various lumps and bumps can appear just beneath the skin in the neck region. Some examples include lipomas, which are benign, fatty tumors, and sebaceous cysts, which are sacs filled with skin debris. While generally harmless, they can sometimes grow large enough to be noticeable or cause concern.

When to seek expert care

Don’t hesitate to reach out to Dr. Kumra about any new or unexplained swelling in your neck. A professional evaluation can provide peace of mind and ensure we address any underlying issues promptly. Call ENT New York or book online today to schedule your appointment.